PWM舵机实验

Tutorial: 电子电路 Category: 嵌入式 Published: 2026-08-29 08:09:36 Views: 0 Likes: 0 Comments: 0

137.5.9PWM舵机实验

/* ========================================================================
 * Project: CubeIDE/07PWM
 * File: Core/Inc/main.h
 * ======================================================================== */
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.h
  * @brief          : Header for main.c file.
  *                   This file contains the common defines of the application.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */

/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __MAIN_H
#define __MAIN_H

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Exported types ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN ET */

/* USER CODE END ET */

/* Exported constants --------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN EC */

/* USER CODE END EC */

/* Exported macro ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN EM */

/* USER CODE END EM */

/* Exported functions prototypes ---------------------------------------------*/
void Error_Handler(void);

/* USER CODE BEGIN EFP */

/* USER CODE END EFP */

/* Private defines -----------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines */

/* USER CODE END Private defines */

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* __MAIN_H */

/* ========================================================================
 * Project: CubeIDE/07PWM
 * File: Core/Inc/gpio.h
 * ======================================================================== */
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    gpio.h
  * @brief   This file contains all the function prototypes for
  *          the gpio.c file
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __GPIO_H__
#define __GPIO_H__

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"

/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines */

/* USER CODE END Private defines */

void MX_GPIO_Init(void);

/* USER CODE BEGIN Prototypes */

/* USER CODE END Prototypes */

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /*__ GPIO_H__ */


/* ========================================================================
 * Project: CubeIDE/07PWM
 * File: Core/Inc/tim.h
 * ======================================================================== */
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    tim.h
  * @brief   This file contains all the function prototypes for
  *          the tim.c file
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __TIM_H__
#define __TIM_H__

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"

/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

extern TIM_HandleTypeDef htim3;

extern TIM_HandleTypeDef htim4;

/* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines */

/* USER CODE END Private defines */

void MX_TIM3_Init(void);
void MX_TIM4_Init(void);

void HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim);

/* USER CODE BEGIN Prototypes */

/* USER CODE END Prototypes */

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* __TIM_H__ */


/* ========================================================================
 * Project: CubeIDE/07PWM
 * File: Core/Inc/stm32f1xx_it.h
 * ======================================================================== */
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    stm32f1xx_it.h
  * @brief   This file contains the headers of the interrupt handlers.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
 ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */

/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __STM32F1xx_IT_H
#define __STM32F1xx_IT_H

#ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
#endif

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Exported types ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN ET */

/* USER CODE END ET */

/* Exported constants --------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN EC */

/* USER CODE END EC */

/* Exported macro ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN EM */

/* USER CODE END EM */

/* Exported functions prototypes ---------------------------------------------*/
void NMI_Handler(void);
void HardFault_Handler(void);
void MemManage_Handler(void);
void BusFault_Handler(void);
void UsageFault_Handler(void);
void SVC_Handler(void);
void DebugMon_Handler(void);
void PendSV_Handler(void);
void SysTick_Handler(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN EFP */

/* USER CODE END EFP */

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* __STM32F1xx_IT_H */

/* ========================================================================
 * Project: CubeIDE/07PWM
 * File: Core/Src/main.c
 * ======================================================================== */
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
uint8_t PWM_Value = 0,LED_PWM_Value,SG_PWM_Value=5;
/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_TIM3_Init();
  MX_TIM4_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
  HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim3, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
  HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim3, TIM_CHANNEL_2);
  HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim4, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
	  PWM_Value++;
	  PWM_Value=PWM_Value%200;
	  if(PWM_Value>99)
		  LED_PWM_Value=200-PWM_Value;
	  else
		  LED_PWM_Value=PWM_Value;
	  HAL_Delay(25);
	  __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim3, TIM_CHANNEL_1, LED_PWM_Value);
	  __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim3, TIM_CHANNEL_2, LED_PWM_Value);
	  if(0==PWM_Value%30)
	  {
		  SG_PWM_Value+=5;
		  if(SG_PWM_Value>25)
			  SG_PWM_Value=5;
		  __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim4, TIM_CHANNEL_1, SG_PWM_Value);
	  }

    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/* ========================================================================
 * Project: CubeIDE/07PWM
 * File: Core/Src/gpio.c
 * ======================================================================== */
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    gpio.c
  * @brief   This file provides code for the configuration
  *          of all used GPIO pins.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "gpio.h"

/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Configure GPIO                                                             */
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

/* USER CODE END 1 */

/** Configure pins as
        * Analog
        * Input
        * Output
        * EVENT_OUT
        * EXTI
*/
void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{

  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();

}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

/* USER CODE END 2 */

/* ========================================================================
 * Project: CubeIDE/07PWM
 * File: Core/Src/tim.c
 * ======================================================================== */
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    tim.c
  * @brief   This file provides code for the configuration
  *          of the TIM instances.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "tim.h"

/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

TIM_HandleTypeDef htim3;
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim4;

/* TIM3 init function */
void MX_TIM3_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM3_Init 0 */

  TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};
  TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};
  TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM3_Init 1 */
  htim3.Instance = TIM3;
  htim3.Init.Prescaler = 7199;
  htim3.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
  htim3.Init.Period = 99;
  htim3.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
  htim3.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_ENABLE;
  if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim3) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
  if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim3, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim3) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
  sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim3, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;
  sConfigOC.Pulse = 0;
  sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_HIGH;
  sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim3, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  if (HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim3, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM3_Init 2 */
  HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(&htim3);

}
/* TIM4 init function */
void MX_TIM4_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM4_Init 0 */

  TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};
  TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};
  TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM4_Init 1 */
  htim4.Instance = TIM4;
  htim4.Init.Prescaler = 7199;
  htim4.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
  htim4.Init.Period = 200;
  htim4.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
  htim4.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_ENABLE;
  if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim4) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
  if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim4, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim4) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
  sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim4, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;
  sConfigOC.Pulse = 0;
  sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_HIGH;
  sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim4, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM4_Init 2 */
  HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(&htim4);

}

void HAL_TIM_Base_MspInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef* tim_baseHandle)
{

  if(tim_baseHandle->Instance==TIM3)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM3_MspInit 0 */
    /* TIM3 clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_TIM3_CLK_ENABLE();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_MspInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM3_MspInit 1 */
  }
  else if(tim_baseHandle->Instance==TIM4)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM4_MspInit 0 */
    /* TIM4 clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_TIM4_CLK_ENABLE();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_MspInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM4_MspInit 1 */
  }
}
void HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef* timHandle)
{

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  if(timHandle->Instance==TIM3)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_MspPostInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM3_MspPostInit 0 */
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
    /**TIM3 GPIO Configuration
    PB4     ------> TIM3_CH1
    PB5     ------> TIM3_CH2
    */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_4|GPIO_PIN_5;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    __HAL_AFIO_REMAP_TIM3_PARTIAL();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_MspPostInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM3_MspPostInit 1 */
  }
  else if(timHandle->Instance==TIM4)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_MspPostInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM4_MspPostInit 0 */

    __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
    /**TIM4 GPIO Configuration
    PB6     ------> TIM4_CH1
    */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_6;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_MspPostInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM4_MspPostInit 1 */
  }

}

void HAL_TIM_Base_MspDeInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef* tim_baseHandle)
{

  if(tim_baseHandle->Instance==TIM3)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_MspDeInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM3_MspDeInit 0 */
    /* Peripheral clock disable */
    __HAL_RCC_TIM3_CLK_DISABLE();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_MspDeInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM3_MspDeInit 1 */
  }
  else if(tim_baseHandle->Instance==TIM4)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_MspDeInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM4_MspDeInit 0 */
    /* Peripheral clock disable */
    __HAL_RCC_TIM4_CLK_DISABLE();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_MspDeInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM4_MspDeInit 1 */
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

/* USER CODE END 1 */

/* ========================================================================
 * Project: CubeIDE/07PWM
 * File: Core/Src/stm32f1xx_it.c
 * ======================================================================== */
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    stm32f1xx_it.c
  * @brief   Interrupt Service Routines.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_it.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN TD */

/* USER CODE END TD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/* External variables --------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN EV */

/* USER CODE END EV */

/******************************************************************************/
/*           Cortex-M3 Processor Interruption and Exception Handlers          */
/******************************************************************************/
/**
  * @brief This function handles Non maskable interrupt.
  */
void NMI_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN NonMaskableInt_IRQn 0 */

  /* USER CODE END NonMaskableInt_IRQn 0 */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN NonMaskableInt_IRQn 1 */
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END NonMaskableInt_IRQn 1 */
}

/**
  * @brief This function handles Hard fault interrupt.
  */
void HardFault_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN HardFault_IRQn 0 */

  /* USER CODE END HardFault_IRQn 0 */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE BEGIN W1_HardFault_IRQn 0 */
    /* USER CODE END W1_HardFault_IRQn 0 */
  }
}

/**
  * @brief This function handles Memory management fault.
  */
void MemManage_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */

  /* USER CODE END MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE BEGIN W1_MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */
    /* USER CODE END W1_MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */
  }
}

/**
  * @brief This function handles Prefetch fault, memory access fault.
  */
void BusFault_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN BusFault_IRQn 0 */

  /* USER CODE END BusFault_IRQn 0 */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE BEGIN W1_BusFault_IRQn 0 */
    /* USER CODE END W1_BusFault_IRQn 0 */
  }
}

/**
  * @brief This function handles Undefined instruction or illegal state.
  */
void UsageFault_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN UsageFault_IRQn 0 */

  /* USER CODE END UsageFault_IRQn 0 */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE BEGIN W1_UsageFault_IRQn 0 */
    /* USER CODE END W1_UsageFault_IRQn 0 */
  }
}

/**
  * @brief This function handles System service call via SWI instruction.
  */
void SVC_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN SVCall_IRQn 0 */

  /* USER CODE END SVCall_IRQn 0 */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN SVCall_IRQn 1 */

  /* USER CODE END SVCall_IRQn 1 */
}

/**
  * @brief This function handles Debug monitor.
  */
void DebugMon_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN DebugMonitor_IRQn 0 */

  /* USER CODE END DebugMonitor_IRQn 0 */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN DebugMonitor_IRQn 1 */

  /* USER CODE END DebugMonitor_IRQn 1 */
}

/**
  * @brief This function handles Pendable request for system service.
  */
void PendSV_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN PendSV_IRQn 0 */

  /* USER CODE END PendSV_IRQn 0 */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN PendSV_IRQn 1 */

  /* USER CODE END PendSV_IRQn 1 */
}

/**
  * @brief This function handles System tick timer.
  */
void SysTick_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 0 */

  /* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 0 */
  HAL_IncTick();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 1 */

  /* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 1 */
}

/******************************************************************************/
/* STM32F1xx Peripheral Interrupt Handlers                                    */
/* Add here the Interrupt Handlers for the used peripherals.                  */
/* For the available peripheral interrupt handler names,                      */
/* please refer to the startup file (startup_stm32f1xx.s).                    */
/******************************************************************************/

/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

/* USER CODE END 1 */

/* ========================================================================
 * Project: CubeIDE/07PWM
 * File: Core/Src/stm32f1xx_hal_msp.c
 * ======================================================================== */
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file         stm32f1xx_hal_msp.c
  * @brief        This file provides code for the MSP Initialization
  *               and de-Initialization codes.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN TD */

/* USER CODE END TD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Define */

/* USER CODE END Define */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Macro */

/* USER CODE END Macro */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* External functions --------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN ExternalFunctions */

/* USER CODE END ExternalFunctions */

/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
  * Initializes the Global MSP.
  */
void HAL_MspInit(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END MspInit 0 */

  __HAL_RCC_AFIO_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();

  /* System interrupt init*/

  /** NOJTAG: JTAG-DP Disabled and SW-DP Enabled
  */
  __HAL_AFIO_REMAP_SWJ_NOJTAG();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN MspInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END MspInit 1 */
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

/* USER CODE END 1 */

一、舵机控制原理回顾

1.1 舵机控制原理

常见 SG90 舵机使用约 20 ms 一帧的控制脉冲，即约 50 Hz。它主要读取高电平脉宽，而不是把高电平占空比当作普通电机调速量：

高电平脉宽	本实验比较值（100 μs/格）	常见位置含义
0.5 ms	5	一端
1.0 ms	10	靠近一端
1.5 ms	15	中位
2.0 ms	20	靠近另一端
2.5 ms	25	另一端

不同舵机的安全端点和角度范围可能不同。首次调试应从 1.5 ms 中位开始，逐渐扩大脉宽，若出现堵转、抖动或异常电流，应立即收窄范围。

舵机内部可理解为一个闭环系统：

flowchart LR
    P[输入脉宽] --> D[目标位置译码]
    S[电位器反馈实际角度] --> E{误差比较}
    D --> E
    E --> H[内部H桥]
    H --> M[直流电机与齿轮]
    M --> S

二、实验演示

2.1 定时器与PWM初始化设置

TIM4_CH1 使用 PWM 模式 1，预分频器为 7199。72 MHz 经分频后，计数频率为 10 kHz，每格 100 μs。代码先初始化，再调用 HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim4, TIM_CHANNEL_1) 启动输出。

2.2 定时器与引脚选择及配置

TIM4_CH1 默认输出到 PB6。三线舵机的连接通常是：

外部稳定5 V ───────── 红线（V+）
外部电源GND ───────── 棕/黑线（GND）
STM32 PB6/TIM4_CH1 ── 橙/黄线（信号）
STM32 GND ─────────── 外部电源GND

舵机电流远大于 GPIO 能力，启动和堵转时还会产生电源跌落与噪声。不要从 GPIO 供电，也不宜直接依赖开发板较弱的 3.3 V 稳压输出。使用独立 5 V 电源并共地，在舵机电源接口附近放置合适的电解电容和陶瓷去耦电容。

2.3 定时器参数配置与计算

工程配置 PSC=7199、ARR=200：

计数周期 = (7199+1) / 72 MHz = 100 μs
PWM周期  = (200+1) × 100 μs = 20.1 ms
PWM频率  ≈ 49.75 Hz

因为计数器从 0 计到 ARR，周期包含 ARR+1 个计数。若需要严格的 20.0 ms，应把 ARR 设置为 199。舵机通常能接受 20.1 ms，但理解这个加 1 对后续精确定时很重要。

2.4 定时器与PWM代码实现

工程把 SG_PWM_Value 初始化为 5，并在触发更新时先增加 5：

SG_PWM_Value += 5;
if (SG_PWM_Value > 25) {
    SG_PWM_Value = 5;
}
__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim4, TIM_CHANNEL_1, SG_PWM_Value);

于是变量在 0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 ms 对应值之间循环。比较值改变的是高电平宽度，帧周期仍由 PSC 与 ARR 决定。

需要注意，初始化通道时 Pulse=0，启动 PWM 后代码没有立刻把初值 5 写入 CCR1；第一次满足更新条件时又先把 5 加到 10，所以引脚最初输出 0 脉宽，随后直接从 1.0 ms 开始。若希望上电后立即处于 0.5 ms 位置，应在启动 TIM4_CH1 后先执行一次 __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim4, TIM_CHANNEL_1, SG_PWM_Value)。

2.5 例题1: 舵机控制实验演示

观察舵机时应确认三个现象：

每次脉宽改变后，舵机移动到新位置并保持；
中位附近应对应约 1.5 ms；
到端点时不应持续顶死、啸叫或明显发热。

若方向与预期相反，不要简单反接舵机电源；应在软件中反向映射脉宽。反接电源可能损坏舵机。

编译、下载并确认供电无误后再连接信号线。舵机或驱动模块底部若有裸露金属，不能直接放在开发板焊点上，应使用绝缘垫片，防止短路。

三、代码编写

3.1 定义舵机变量并赋值

uint8_t SG_PWM_Value=5 足以保存 5～25 的比较值。0 == 表达式 这类写法能让误写成赋值时更容易被编译器发现，但更重要的是开启编译器警告并认真处理警告。

工程用 PWM_Value % 30 == 0 作为舵机更新条件。由于 PWM_Value 在 0～199 间回绕，它会在 30、60、90、120、150、180、0 时触发；180 到回绕 0 只有 20 个 25 ms 步长，即 500 ms，不是稳定的 750 ms。

3.2 利用pw值控制

若要求每 750 ms 稳定更新一次，应使用独立时间基准：

uint32_t servo_last = HAL_GetTick();

if ((uint32_t)(HAL_GetTick() - servo_last) >= 750U) {
    servo_last += 750U;
    SG_PWM_Value += 5U;
    if (SG_PWM_Value > 25U) {
        SG_PWM_Value = 5U;
    }
    __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim4, TIM_CHANNEL_1, SG_PWM_Value);
}

无符号减法写法能够自然处理 HAL_GetTick() 回绕。若主循环可能长时间阻塞，可以在条件满足时用循环补偿漏掉的节拍，或把舵机更新放入周期任务。

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